Rhabdomyolysis is a condition of which rapid muscle breakdown occurs. The term ‘rhabdomyo’ refers to skeletal muscle where as ‘lysis’ means the breakdown. The destruction of muscle may be caused by physical trauma such as from an accident, biological factors like infection for an example and chemical factors such as medicine.
The damage done to the muscle tissues, however leads to the release of breakdown products of muscle cells, a protein precisely called as myoglobin into the bloodstream. These breakdown products which circulating in the bloodstream clogs up the kidney tubules upon reaching the kidneys and hence causes acute kidney failure. Besides the damage done to the kidney, the normal composition of the electrolytes also gets disrupted by the muscle tissue components that are released into the bloodstream. This results in nausea, vomiting, confusion, coma and also abnormal heart rate. An abnormal heart rate is caused by the increase in potassium level in the body.
A patient diagnosed with rhabdomyolysis exhibits symptoms like pain in the muscle in terms of achiness and weakness. This is solely due to the inflammation caused by the affected muscle. Swelling of the affected area can be seen clearly and often damages other tissues in the muscle. It can also lead to permanent damage to the affected muscle or limb. Occasionally compartment syndrome may happen, where the compression by swollen muscle of surrounding tissues in the nerves and blood vessels, leading to damage or loss of function in the part of the body supplied by these structures. Symptoms of this complication include decreased blood supply, decrease in sensation, or pain in the affected limb.
Clinical tests that are being conducted to diagnose rhabdomyolysis consists of urinalysis and also blood test. Urinalysis is one of the most important test that can be done to detect rhabdomyolysis. In urinalysis, the urine sample would appear dark in color. Further dipstick method analysis would show the positive result for “blood”. This indicates excess myoglobulin is present in the urine that transforms the urine color into dark colored urine. Blood test is being conducted to detect the level of creatine kinase(CK) in blood. Enzyme creatine kinase(CK) is present in large quantities inside muscle cells, and when the muscle cells break down, the creatine kinase goes into the blood stream, and it can be measured. A creatine kinase level that is five times its normal levels is consistent with a diagnosis of rhabdomyolysis.
Acute kidney failure which caused by rhabdomyolysis can be treated with hemodialysis. Fluid therapy is also used to treat rhabdomyolysis. This is mainly to treat shock and preserve the kidney function. It is basically done through the administration of intravenous fluid which usually revolves the use of saline. This therapy ensures sufficient circulating volume to deal with the muscle cell swelling and prevent the deposition of the myoglobin in the kidneys. 6 to 12 liters over 24 hours are recommended for this treatment. Additionally, the abnormal level of electrolytes in the body can be corrected and maintained particularly the calcium level.
Reference:
Monday, December 20, 2010
Friday, September 10, 2010
my homework:an essay titled Duschenne muscular dystrophy
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) is a genetic disorder normally characterized by rapid progression of muscle degeneration, which eventually leading to loss of ambulation and death. It affects about 1 in 3500 boys. Girls can be affected by Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) too, but it is really rare. Females may be afflicted if the father is afflicted and the mother is also a carrier or affected.
A mutation in the dystrophin gene, located in humans on the X chromosome (Xp21) is the main cause for this disorder. The dystrophin gene stores the information which codes for the protein dystrophin, an important structural component within muscle tissue. Dystrophin is responsible for connecting the cytoskeleton of each muscle fibers to the underlying basal lamina (extracellular matrix) through a protein complex containing many subunits. It also acts as a shock absorber, provides structural stability to the dystroglycan complex (DGC), located on the cell membrane. The absence of dystrophin allows excess calcium to penetrate the sarcolemma (cell membrane). In a complex cascading process that involves several pathways and is not clearly understood, increased oxidative stress within the cell damages the sarcolemma, and eventually results in the death of the cell. Necrosis of muscle fibers occurs and are ultimately replaced with adipose and connective tissue.
A person afflicted with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) makes them to move little bit slower than the normal kids. Kids, usually boys are generally diagnosed with DMD between the ages from one and six. There are some noticeable symptoms,childrens with DMD usually have trouble jumping, running or hopping,they may fall down frequently and find it difficult for them to do activities like running, climbing the stairs and getting up from the sitting positions. If you notice a boy with DMD, they often stand up with a movement called Gower’s maneuver. A child with DMD tend to walk on their forefeet,because of an increased calf tonus. Besides, toe walking becomes compensatory adaptation to knee extensor weakness . These noticeable signs would certainly help a doctor to spot DMD early. Rapid progression of muscle degeneration simply means DMD process increases over the time. DMD causes more and more muscle weakness till the individual’s muscles die.The muscle do not necessarily get smaller. At times, the muscle cells turn into fat and scar tissue so the muscle can look big but not strong.
As the child with DMD grows up, the condition gets more serious. Walking and running can become more difficult as the disorder progresses. Kids with DMD will eventually need some help getting around. They need to hold on when they walk and eventually use an electrical wheel chair. They also tend to get fatigue more easily.
Clinical tests like DNA tests can be done to examine if any mutation occurs in the DNA sequence, followed by muscle biopsy where the muscle sample is taken from the affected individual and examined it microscopically. Prenatal test, however, also plays a significant role in the lab diagnosis for the DMD. This test is carried out if one or both parents are 'carriers' of DMD and is normally being conducted during pregnancy and find out if the fetus is affected with DMD. Other tests to diagnose DMD including an electromyography (EMG) which shows that weakness is caused by destruction of muscle tissue rather than by damage to nerve. A blood test can also be done by detecting the absence of the dystrophin.
There is still no cure for DMD till date but the treatment is improving over the time. Physical therapy can slow down its progress, and sooner the therapy begins, the more effective it will be. So early diagnosis of DMD is crucial. Scientists are constantlly working to develop the drugs that could alter the DNA’s sequence that codes the DMD. Recent stem-cell research is showing promising vectors that may replace damaged muscle tissue.
Reference :
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duchenne_muscular_dystrophy#Pathogenesis
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle_biopsy
A mutation in the dystrophin gene, located in humans on the X chromosome (Xp21) is the main cause for this disorder. The dystrophin gene stores the information which codes for the protein dystrophin, an important structural component within muscle tissue. Dystrophin is responsible for connecting the cytoskeleton of each muscle fibers to the underlying basal lamina (extracellular matrix) through a protein complex containing many subunits. It also acts as a shock absorber, provides structural stability to the dystroglycan complex (DGC), located on the cell membrane. The absence of dystrophin allows excess calcium to penetrate the sarcolemma (cell membrane). In a complex cascading process that involves several pathways and is not clearly understood, increased oxidative stress within the cell damages the sarcolemma, and eventually results in the death of the cell. Necrosis of muscle fibers occurs and are ultimately replaced with adipose and connective tissue.
A person afflicted with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) makes them to move little bit slower than the normal kids. Kids, usually boys are generally diagnosed with DMD between the ages from one and six. There are some noticeable symptoms,childrens with DMD usually have trouble jumping, running or hopping,they may fall down frequently and find it difficult for them to do activities like running, climbing the stairs and getting up from the sitting positions. If you notice a boy with DMD, they often stand up with a movement called Gower’s maneuver. A child with DMD tend to walk on their forefeet,because of an increased calf tonus. Besides, toe walking becomes compensatory adaptation to knee extensor weakness . These noticeable signs would certainly help a doctor to spot DMD early. Rapid progression of muscle degeneration simply means DMD process increases over the time. DMD causes more and more muscle weakness till the individual’s muscles die.The muscle do not necessarily get smaller. At times, the muscle cells turn into fat and scar tissue so the muscle can look big but not strong.
As the child with DMD grows up, the condition gets more serious. Walking and running can become more difficult as the disorder progresses. Kids with DMD will eventually need some help getting around. They need to hold on when they walk and eventually use an electrical wheel chair. They also tend to get fatigue more easily.
Clinical tests like DNA tests can be done to examine if any mutation occurs in the DNA sequence, followed by muscle biopsy where the muscle sample is taken from the affected individual and examined it microscopically. Prenatal test, however, also plays a significant role in the lab diagnosis for the DMD. This test is carried out if one or both parents are 'carriers' of DMD and is normally being conducted during pregnancy and find out if the fetus is affected with DMD. Other tests to diagnose DMD including an electromyography (EMG) which shows that weakness is caused by destruction of muscle tissue rather than by damage to nerve. A blood test can also be done by detecting the absence of the dystrophin.
There is still no cure for DMD till date but the treatment is improving over the time. Physical therapy can slow down its progress, and sooner the therapy begins, the more effective it will be. So early diagnosis of DMD is crucial. Scientists are constantlly working to develop the drugs that could alter the DNA’s sequence that codes the DMD. Recent stem-cell research is showing promising vectors that may replace damaged muscle tissue.
Reference :
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Duchenne_muscular_dystrophy#Pathogenesis
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Muscle_biopsy
Saturday, July 31, 2010
ONE OF THE MOST GREATEST EVENT IN MY LIFE
MEETING MY IDOLS : Super Star Rajinikanth, A.R.Rahman, Aiswariya Rai, Vivek and Simbhu.. Finally i managed to meet 5 out of my 19 idols.
I get to see Rajini kanth, Vairamuthu, A.r.rahman so near(less than 1 meter), and yea, managed to touch A.R.Rahman sir's hand..He was actually reaching out his hand to his fans but the stupid security guard was so terrible! anyway, it was awesome to be in that function.. i met my GODS.. ♥ Anbey sivam ♥
VIVEK sir was an awesome anchor.. He made us laughed through out the show, really good! He actually helped a lot since the live program had some technical problems. Great to have him as anchor yesterday. Hats off to you, sir!
Anddd.....I was truly inspired by the way AISHWARIYA RAI talked on the stage, She is indeed a SUPERWOMAN!!! The greatest woman on earth!
Not forget to mention, our SUPER STAR RAJINIKANTH, His speeech was totally electrifying! Remembered he Laughed like A Lion on the stage 3 times..ONLY HE POSSIBLE! You are great, Thalaiva.
I get to see Rajini kanth, Vairamuthu, A.r.rahman so near(less than 1 meter), and yea, managed to touch A.R.Rahman sir's hand..He was actually reaching out his hand to his fans but the stupid security guard was so terrible! anyway, it was awesome to be in that function.. i met my GODS.. ♥ Anbey sivam ♥
VIVEK sir was an awesome anchor.. He made us laughed through out the show, really good! He actually helped a lot since the live program had some technical problems. Great to have him as anchor yesterday. Hats off to you, sir!
Anddd.....I was truly inspired by the way AISHWARIYA RAI talked on the stage, She is indeed a SUPERWOMAN!!! The greatest woman on earth!
Not forget to mention, our SUPER STAR RAJINIKANTH, His speeech was totally electrifying! Remembered he Laughed like A Lion on the stage 3 times..ONLY HE POSSIBLE! You are great, Thalaiva.
Hmmmm, A.R.Rahman was simple and humble, but he rocked the entire Hall when he walked in.. People were so crazy on him.. During A.R.Rahman's tribute, they played Ooorvasi and Humma song.. That really shooked me and I could only remember I was shaking my head and tapping my feet and also clapping my hands.. It was that awesome.
and yea, finally Simbhu THE MULTI-TALENTED, thanks for performing..I love your Energy and confidence. You rock, dude!
Below are some pictures that i took, actually cameras are strictly prohibited inside the hall, but you know, we are MALAYSIANS LAH!!!!!! lols..
This is my schoolmate plus my friend who actually won the tickets just like me.
the stage
the hall
that's me with Rajini's book
My friend with his friend.
Between I also took few clips, will upload it soon when free. Thats all about the fantastic dream that I had last night. Thanks to the Endhiran crew for coming to Malaysia and now I am eagerly waiting for the movie release.
Thursday, June 10, 2010
useless thing which turned out to be my PASSION!
2 weeks of semester break, thought of spending these 14days wisely.. Read books?? Nah, that never happened!
Been wasting my time on doing some Useless things..
Here are the some of the things which I been doing for my semester break :
Been wasting my time on doing some Useless things..
Here are the some of the things which I been doing for my semester break :
yes.... photography!!!
And did i wasted my time??? nah.. definitely no...
I learnt something new for this two weeks.. Was kinda acquainted with the Nature... love it!
So guess the time that I actually wasted is not actually wasted...
peace!
Friday, April 30, 2010
Highlights of the Month- May 2010
1st May 2010 - Labour's day
Sulakshana is coming back from India
mid-sem examination 8 May 2010
MSU New Campus is opening
party with Boom Chak members..
trip to JAY-BEE & SINGAPORE(if possible)
Boom Chak members are coming down to SLIM RIVER for "lawatan sambil belajar"..lol
dance party for the song CHENNAI 08' Jalsa panuggey da & also MAZHAI MAZHAI from the movie CHOCOLATE.. at Jay-Bee..
SUPPER at RAFI's mamak shop in the middle of the night..(We used to do that last time when we were together,& a roti pisang & milo ice would do the trick)
&
finally of course, there's a BIG BOOM CHAK party for those new & old BOOM CHAK members..
Sunday, April 25, 2010
Song That Defines Me, Myself, My Personality, Perception that I have on My Life..
Singer : Hariharan
CHORUS 1:
Moongil kaaduhale
Vandu munahum paadalkale
Dhoora siharangalil
Thanneer thuvaikum aruvikale
Oh ho�
HARIHARAN: CHORUS 1
CHORUS 2:
Iyatkai thaayin madiyay prindhu
Eppadi vaazha idhayam tholainthu
Salithu poanaen manithanaay irundhy
Parakka vaendum paravayaay thirindhu
TIPPU:
Thirindhu parandhu parandhu
HARIHARAN:
Moongil kaaduhale
Vandu munahum paadalkale
TIPPU:
Dhoora siharangalil
Thanneer thuvaikum aruvikale
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HARIHARAN:
Saetru thanneeril malarum
Sivappu thaamarayil
Saerum manappathillai
Poovin jeevan manakkirathu
Vaerai aruthaalum marangal
Veruppai umizhvathillai
Arutha nathiyin mael
Marangal aananda poo choriyum
Thaamarai poovaai maaraeno
Jenma saaval engal kaanaeno
Maramaay naanum maaraeno
En manitha piraviyil uyyeano
TIPPU:
Veyilo puyalo paruhum vannam
Vellai panithuli aahaeno
CHORUS 1
Saetru thanneeril malarum
Sivappu thaamarayil
Saerum manappathillai
Poovin jeevan manakkirathu
Vaerai aruthaalum marangal
Veruppai umizhvathillai
Arutha nathiyin mael
Marangal aananda poo choriyum
Thaamarai poovaai maaraeno
Jenma saaval engal kaanaeno
Maramaay naanum maaraeno
En manitha piraviyil uyyeano
TIPPU:
Veyilo puyalo paruhum vannam
Vellai panithuli aahaeno
CHORUS 1
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Oh saba
HARIHARAN:
Uppu kadaloadu maeham utpathi aanaalum
Uppu thanneerai maeham oru poadhum sindhaathu
Malayil vizhundhaalum sooriyan
Marithu poavathillai
Nilavukku oliyooti
Thannai neepithu kolkirathe
Maehamaay naanum maaraeno
Athan maenmai gunangal kaanbaeno
Sooriyan poalave maaraeno
En jothyil ulahai aalaeno
TIPPU:
Jananam maranam ariyaa vannam
Naanum mazhaithuli aahaeno
HARIHARAN:
Uppu kadaloadu maeham utpathi aanaalum
Uppu thanneerai maeham oru poadhum sindhaathu
Malayil vizhundhaalum sooriyan
Marithu poavathillai
Nilavukku oliyooti
Thannai neepithu kolkirathe
Maehamaay naanum maaraeno
Athan maenmai gunangal kaanbaeno
Sooriyan poalave maaraeno
En jothyil ulahai aalaeno
TIPPU:
Jananam maranam ariyaa vannam
Naanum mazhaithuli aahaeno
CHORUS 1
HARIHARAN:
Iyatkai thaayin madiyay prindhu
Eppadi vaazha idhayam tholainthu
Salithu poanaen manithanaay irundhy
Parakka vaendum paravayaay thirindhu thirundhu parandhu
Oh ho ho
HARIHARAN:
Iyatkai thaayin madiyay prindhu
Eppadi vaazha idhayam tholainthu
Salithu poanaen manithanaay irundhy
Parakka vaendum paravayaay thirindhu thirundhu parandhu
Oh ho ho
Thursday, March 25, 2010
Gotta Love This Guy..
I was surfing the net the whole afternoon and This clip caught my attention....http://www.youtube.com/watch#!v=iO3sBulXpVw&feature=related
It's a clip by Bruce Lee... Well, everyone knows about this man... right??
well, i know him 2 and never really keen on knowing more about this guy, cuz I am not really into this martial arts.. I watched this clip since it was very captivating plus i was too bored..
he said something about water..metaphorically.. I don't really understand what he was trying to say but this guy is just awesome... look at the way he speaks... i was stunned.. he's an awesome man! and yea, he's just SUPER-CONFIDENT... He has got piercing eyes which is damn cool and energising!!
No wonder people call him Super star! He made my day! He motivates me, inspires me... and hence officially from this second, He's my another Idol too :)))
Bruce Lee rocks eventhough he's no more... He is still inspiring people like me... you are cool man.. I GOTTA LOVE U....
will get to know more about you man!
loves
It's a clip by Bruce Lee... Well, everyone knows about this man... right??
well, i know him 2 and never really keen on knowing more about this guy, cuz I am not really into this martial arts.. I watched this clip since it was very captivating plus i was too bored..
he said something about water..metaphorically.. I don't really understand what he was trying to say but this guy is just awesome... look at the way he speaks... i was stunned.. he's an awesome man! and yea, he's just SUPER-CONFIDENT... He has got piercing eyes which is damn cool and energising!!
No wonder people call him Super star! He made my day! He motivates me, inspires me... and hence officially from this second, He's my another Idol too :)))
Bruce Lee rocks eventhough he's no more... He is still inspiring people like me... you are cool man.. I GOTTA LOVE U....
will get to know more about you man!
loves
Wednesday, March 24, 2010
it's about rubik's cube
my bro bought this rubik's cube last year... and i hv tried fixing em for sometime and i gave up cuz i played too much and it affected my hands nerve since the rubik's cube isn't the original one...
and recently, saw one of my fren uploaded some videos fixing the rubik within seconds... damn! he inspired me and yea.. i am gonna start back my rubik's cube agn.... and get ready for the battle..
its an awesome feeling.. and yea its good to learn playing this bloody game!!! hahaha....
will be back with the brand new swing....
-singing off-
sugunesh
multitasker
and recently, saw one of my fren uploaded some videos fixing the rubik within seconds... damn! he inspired me and yea.. i am gonna start back my rubik's cube agn.... and get ready for the battle..
its an awesome feeling.. and yea its good to learn playing this bloody game!!! hahaha....
will be back with the brand new swing....
-singing off-
sugunesh
multitasker
Family first! All next..
In between, I was with a friend yesterday for a drink and the conversation about the family just popped out. We had a wonderful conversation and i began think of my family.. I waited for today to spend quality time with my loved ones.. i wanted to bring my mom out, company her to PASAR pagi, hang out with my siblings, watch TV together with dad.. PLAY with JACkie.. yea i planned everything nicely.And today i met another friend, n we were having an awesome conversation and all of a sudden, this family stuffs came into our conversation..i don't know why, i missed my parents badly. i always been loving my parents, siblings N jackie. but this time, my feelings overwhelmed for them...
i badly wanted to back home n spend quality time with famly, especially mom... i wanted to help her to do all the household chores... i wanted to talk to her so many things...
etc etc...
i always had this bad character.. IF I LOVE A PERSON SO MUCH, I'L KEEP ON CALLING THEIR NAMES..SIMPLY FOR NOTHING..MANY TIMES I'VE SIMPLY CALLED MY MOM WHILE SHE'S DOING HER WORK... AND ALSO MY SISTER, LOVE CALLING HER, SUGUNA..SUGUNA..AND WHEN SHE RESPONSE, IL REPLY NOTHING... they often get pissed with me cuz of that.. but ges now, i gotta let em know.. i am pretty sure my sis will read this blog when she's free... jus wanna let u know that i love u my sis... sorry for bugging u...
yes, i am back in slim river nw bt mom and younger bro went to ipoh to visit sister.... haiz... miss them...
anyway, i get to learn something today :
1) prioritise your family2) spend quality with them
3) love em and accept the way they are, no matter what..
4) at times they won't be on the same track that u r on... accept that anyway..
5) spend more time with family so that u dun regret later when they are not aroundand Finally FAMILY FIRST, ALL next!
Saturday, January 16, 2010
acknowledgement for my group members n krishna for making the movie a sucess
We were given a task to make a short movie by our biochemistry lecturer last month and we really confused on how to start and relate it with biochemistry (water regulation in our body precisely). Finally, after discussing with my fellow groupmates we came up with the idea as in the movie clip u all have watched.
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-xtPwvR8iu4
Well, we really worked so hard for this movie clip. We took a day sitting and discussed about the movie and we planned to make the shooting on 25th December 2009 as it was a holiday for all of us and we did. Thanks to my groupmates for sacrificing their wonderful Xmas day for making this movie, particularly to Ann. She is a Christian and she was with us early in the morning at 8am for the shooting. Thanks to the others as well as you all spent your Xmas doing this clip.
And I would like to thank Farah personally for the camera, thank god she has it! And she made the clip to look good on screen during the presentation( and sssssssshhh!!! I gotta say this, some groups, they used handphone camera to make the clip..so sorry to say..the clip was terrible and damn irritating as well)
Thanks to Kamini, my sweet lil sis, and Ann for making the scientific part of the subtitles. They really did so many things to complete this task. Ann is basically a very diligent girl and thanks to her again, she draw the kidney structures all but unfortunately we never use them.
I also wanna thank my two other fellow members, Hanis and Nurlin. They were very cooperative and they acted very well as well..haha..especially the climax scene and crying part..
Beyond this, I wanna say my huge thanks to my friend, Krishna for helping us to edit the movie clip. Without him, we would have gr8 difficulty on finishing the task on time. He really sacrificed his time and energy for us. We done the editing part in his office from 11-6am in the morning and he was doing all the work by his own without break. I was stunned to see the way he edit the movie with his Apple. He was simply awesome and sorry to hear that he’s fallen sick the next day because he never sleep. A big huge thanks to you Krishna.
Between our video clip been played in the class last Saturday and we received overwhelming response from the entire class and my lecturer enjoyed watching it as well. He told us he will announce the winner soon and yea…. Eagerly waiting for the announcement…..;)
http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-xtPwvR8iu4
Well, we really worked so hard for this movie clip. We took a day sitting and discussed about the movie and we planned to make the shooting on 25th December 2009 as it was a holiday for all of us and we did. Thanks to my groupmates for sacrificing their wonderful Xmas day for making this movie, particularly to Ann. She is a Christian and she was with us early in the morning at 8am for the shooting. Thanks to the others as well as you all spent your Xmas doing this clip.
And I would like to thank Farah personally for the camera, thank god she has it! And she made the clip to look good on screen during the presentation( and sssssssshhh!!! I gotta say this, some groups, they used handphone camera to make the clip..so sorry to say..the clip was terrible and damn irritating as well)
Thanks to Kamini, my sweet lil sis, and Ann for making the scientific part of the subtitles. They really did so many things to complete this task. Ann is basically a very diligent girl and thanks to her again, she draw the kidney structures all but unfortunately we never use them.
I also wanna thank my two other fellow members, Hanis and Nurlin. They were very cooperative and they acted very well as well..haha..especially the climax scene and crying part..
Beyond this, I wanna say my huge thanks to my friend, Krishna for helping us to edit the movie clip. Without him, we would have gr8 difficulty on finishing the task on time. He really sacrificed his time and energy for us. We done the editing part in his office from 11-6am in the morning and he was doing all the work by his own without break. I was stunned to see the way he edit the movie with his Apple. He was simply awesome and sorry to hear that he’s fallen sick the next day because he never sleep. A big huge thanks to you Krishna.
Between our video clip been played in the class last Saturday and we received overwhelming response from the entire class and my lecturer enjoyed watching it as well. He told us he will announce the winner soon and yea…. Eagerly waiting for the announcement…..;)
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